wastewater treatment plant

Industry-wise ETP Industry Major Effluent Characteristics Typical Treatment Pharmaceutical High COD/BOD, solvents, antibiotics, API residues, TDS, toxic compounds Equalization → pH correction → DAF/clarifier → biological treatment → AOP → UF/RO → MEE/ATFD if ZLD Textile High colour, COD, BOD, TDS, salts, dyes, suspended solids Equalization → coagulation/flocculation → DAF/clarifier → biological → ozone/AOP → UF/RO Automobile Oil & grease, heavy metals, phosphate, paint, TSS, chemicals Oil separator → pH correction → chemical precipitation → clarifier → pressure filtration → UF/RO Food & Beverage Very high BOD/COD, organic matter, TSS, oil & grease Screening → equalization → DAF → anaerobic/aerobic biological treatment → clarification → tertiary filtration Steel/Metal Acids, alkalis, Fe, Cr, Zn, Ni, heavy metals, high TDS Neutralization → oxidation/reduction → heavy-metal precipitation → clarifier → filter press → MMF/UF/RO Chemical Industry High COD, variable pH, toxic chemicals, high TDS Equalization → neutralization → chemical treatment → biological/AOP → RO → ZLD Electroplating Cr⁶⁺, Ni, Cu, Zn, acids, alkalis, cyanide in some cases Segregation → Cr⁶⁺ reduction → heavy-metal precipitation → clarification → filtration → RO Paper & Pulp High COD/BOD, TSS, colour, lignin Primary clarification/DAF → biological → tertiary treatment → filtration Distillery Extremely high COD/BOD, dark colour, high TDS Anaerobic treatment → aerobic treatment → RO/MEE/ATFD/ZLD Dairy High BOD/COD, fats, proteins, TSS Screening → equalization → DAF → biological treatment → clarification → tertiary treatment Cement/Construction TSS, turbidity, high pH Settling → pH correction → filtration/recycle Pharma/API Very high COD/TDS, difficult-to-biodegrade organics Equalization → chemical treatment → MBBR/ASP → AOP → UF → RO → MEE/ATFD